Symptoms of Hypothermia
As the body cools, gradual physical and mental power loss occurs. Initially, the body tries to maintain normal body heat through protective mechanisms such as shivering. Over time, however, these mechanisms can lead to extremely low heart rate, breathing and even apparent death.
There are three phases of hypothermia:
- Mild Hypothermia (34°C): Severe shivering, pale and cold skin, accelerated heart rate and breathing. Consciousness remains normal, but fatigue and cold symptoms are experienced.
- Severe Hypothermia (31-33°C): Decreased shivering, muscles and joints stiffen, blue discoloration of skin, slowed heart rate and breathing. Consciousness decreases with symptoms such as extreme fatigue, delayed reactions and poor judgment.
- Critical Hypothermia (below 31°C): Extremely slowed heart rate and breathing, progressing to coma and complete loss of consciousness.
Causes and Risk Factors.
Hypothermia can occur after prolonged exposure to low temperatures or briefly in extremely cold conditions. Risk groups include:
- Elderly: Slower adaptation to cold, reduced ability to sense temperature drop, and mobility problems.
- Infants: Greater risk due to relatively larger body surface area and incompletely developed mechanisms to maintain body temperature.
- Homeless: Increased risk, especially in winter and when using drugs or alcohol.
- Exposure to Colder Environments: Mountaineers, hikers, and water athletes who are inadequately dressed are also at risk, especially if they are involved in an accident in cold environments.
